Lab Report Surfactant Essay Example

Lab Report Surfactant Paper Surfactant is created to make it simpler for individuals to breath by decreasing the surface pressure of the water atoms that fundamentally make the dividers out of the alveoli; it encourages them to not tick together. For this analysis, we will utilize milk and food shading to speak to the water (milk) and gas (food shading) in the respiratory framework. Since realize milk is non-polar and food shading is polar, my theory predicts the two won't blend deliberately from the outset, yet the cleanser going about as a surfactant, when included, will enable the two fluids to combine. Materials (Part on: water surface strain) 1-A penny 2-A dropper 3-Water 4-Paper towels (Part two: surfactant) 1-Milk 2-2 diverse shading food shading 3-Dishwashing cleanser 4-Cotton swab 5-A shopping center clear dish 6-Timer Paper towel 8-Water Method (Part one: water surface pressure) 1-Place the penny in a level region 2-Fill a dropper with water 3-One by one add the drops of water to the highest point of the penny 4-Measure what number of drops fit until the drops break the surface strain of the water. Record results the outcomes table 6-Placed the dish in a level consistent surface. 7-Then poured the milk ensuring the entire base of the dish is secured. 8-Add four drops of food shading to the focal point of the dish. 9-Let it rest for two minutes and afterward measure how far the shading extended. 10-Record in the glory graph 11-Dip the q-tip in cleanser 12-Place the finish of the q-tip in the dish containing the milk and the food shading. 13-Observe what befalls the food shadin g and record the outcome in the outcomes outline. 4-Throw away the fluids and leave station clean in the wake of recording results. Results The normal drops of water that a penny can hold without spilling the water is 24 drops. In my analysis the outcomes were the accompanying: Trial Number of drops Try one 25 Try two 22 Try three 26 When the shading was put in the milk toward the start, it didnt extend created the milk as fast as when the cleanser was included. Without the cleanser Expanded 5 ml/min from the inside. With the cleanser Expanded at CM/sec from the inside. We will compose a custom article test on Lab Report Surfactant explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Lab Report Surfactant explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Lab Report Surfactant explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer End My speculation is acknowledged. After I applied the drop of cleanser to the milk, the food shading spread around. Why? From the outset, the food shading just sat on the outside of the milk. That is on the grounds that food shading is less thick than milk, so it skims on a superficial level. The milk didnt blend in with the food shading at the outset since it wasnt mixed together. The cleanser decreases the surface pressure of the kind by dissolving the fat particles, which is the reason entire milk works better. The outside of the milk outside the cleanser drop has a higher surface pressure, so it pulls the surface away from that spot. The food shading moves with the surface, spilling ceaselessly from the cleanser drop. Because of the convection that outcomes from the moving surface, the food shading might be drawn down into the fluid, just to seem rising again elsewhere. At the point when the cleanser at long last gets equally blended into the milk, the activity stops.

5 Tips for Fixing Not Only . . . But Also Errors

5 Tips for Fixing Not Only . . . Yet in addition Errors 5 Tips for Fixing â€Å"Not Only . . . In any case, Also† Errors 5 Tips for Fixing â€Å"Not Only . . . In any case, Also† Errors By Mark Nichol Hardly any developments cause as much alarm for editors as that in which a balance is spoken to with the expression â€Å"not just, . . but.† The answer for jumbled linguistic structure in such developments is straightforward however bears rehashing, so various example sentences follow. Be that as it may, before we go any further, note not just that a comma following â€Å"not only† is superfluous yet in addition that additionally (or as well or also) is basic after however. At its generally fundamental, the wrong sentence structure you will see happened in a few varieties here is â€Å"(Subject) (this) (action word) and (that).† The right arrangement is â€Å"(Subject) (action word) (this) and (that).† 1. â€Å"I not just knew where this individual was shopping and the amount the person in question was spending, yet the specific time of each transaction.† For such a sentence to show legitimate equal structure, the action word following the subject must go before â€Å"not only† with the goal that it applies to both equal expressions, or the action word must be rehashed. In the last case, the sentence would peruse, â€Å"I not just knew where this individual was shopping and the amount the person in question was spending; I likewise knew the specific time of each transaction.† This arrangement is right yet awkward. (I was enticed to compose â€Å"not just right yet additionally cumbersome,† yet one is ideal and the other ominous, so presenting equal structure appears to be wrong.) For clearness and straightforwardness, attempt this: â€Å"I knew not just where this individual was shopping and the amount the person in question was investing yet in addition the specific energy of each transaction.† (Note additionally the inclusion of moreover.) 2. â€Å"When the United Kingdom experienced its frantic bovine chaos, it needed to cover not simply the dead creatures that had become ill, however needed to change its butchering methods.† That’s a cumbersome (and mistaken) endeavor to give the action word twice. It’s unquestionably progressively exquisite to form the sentence so a solitary had is sufficient: â€Å"When the United Kingdom experienced its frantic bovine wreckage, it needed to not just cover the dead creatures that had become ill yet in addition change its butchering methods.† 3. â€Å"Their drinking may not just reflect troubles in dozing and quieting down, however the way that their folks gave a turbulent and conflicting home environment.† This sentence nearly sounds right, yet may, the action word that goes before â€Å"not only,† is an assistant, or aide, action word; it’s playing second banana to reflect, which should likewise go before â€Å"not only†: â€Å"Their drinking may reflect troubles in resting and quieting down as well as the way that their folks gave a confused and conflicting home environment.† 4. â€Å"Extended-stay housing may satisfy a commonsense reason as well as an enthusiastic one.† The mistake is most handily found in sentences, for example, this one, where the â€Å"but (also)† express is brief and boisterously bangs to the floor, unsupported by the sentence structure: â€Å"Extended-stay housing may satisfy a useful reason as well as a passionate one.† 5. â€Å"They comprehended that the decimation was not exclusively about the absence of water, however about the manner in which the land had been used.† This sentence, where exclusively subs for just, places the â€Å"not only† component effectively, in any case, once more, the comma is incidental, and an embedded additionally isn't: â€Å"They comprehended that the destruction was not exclusively about the absence of water yet in addition about the manner in which the land had been used.† Need to improve your English shortly a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Grammar class, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:How to Structure A Story: The Eight-Point ArcConfusing Went with Past1,462 Basic Plot Types

Todays Society Vs Ideal Society Sociology Essay

Todays Society Vs Ideal Society Sociology Essay In The Communist Manifesto, the creators Karl Marx and Engels feels that this private enterprise with the assistance of industrialization is the expanding the efficiency of economy route past anticipated. This is the primary explanation behind class battle where the oppressor rule and ruin the persecuted class. In short Capitalism has ended up being a lucrative framework in which rich individuals own private properties and to remain in the market, they circulate it as indicated by the developing rivalry among themselves. Capital is hence not close to home, it is social, power(Marx and Engels 24). On the other, Thomas Mores Utopia is totally an alternate society called as a perfect society where individuals don't maintain their business for purpose of benefit yet at the same time carry on with a serene life. The purpose behind tranquil and satisfaction in their life is solidarity and open possession which takes care of the principle social issues, for example, destitution and disparit y. The political laws, strict standards and social issues are improvement in such a way, that it benefits not a solitary individual but rather the total idealistic culture. Throughout the history as well as in todays society cash is consider as a key to progress and individuals imagine that influence and acclaim alongside the ascent our their riches. In the Communist Manifesto, the creators Marx and Engels call attention to that ascent of capital as the principle wellspring of class battle. Society all in all is increasingly separating into two incredible threatening camps, into two extraordinary classes legitimately confronting each other Bourgeoisie and Proletariat (Marx and Engels 9). The Proletariats are the low average workers society that live on the work control and don't make any benefit but instead work under Bourgeoisie to deliver products for the general public. Then again Bourgeoisies are high society individuals that own private properties and business that make benefit by misusing the Proletariats. A business can possibly make benefit when the pay of capital is more than the result or the cost. This is conceivable by making the work class, work more and pay them less. The normal cost of pay work is the lowest pay permitted by law, i.e., that quantum of the methods for means which is totally essential to keep the wor k in uncovered presence as a worker (Marx and Engels 24). This leaves work with no decision, yet to work under the privileged for their day by day living. The creators accept that this high society individuals should concentrate more on the improvement of their works living, as they are their sole mode to win benefit. The class battle has still not finished, in actuality the rich are turning out to be more extravagant and poor getting more unfortunate and riches is the one liable for this status. The case in Thomas Mores Utopia is unique. He has made up a goal named Utopia which is known for the perfect society, an ideal and a public activity where there is no opposition among the individuals. This is finished diverse society which has various standards which treats everybody similarly and all the more significantly, nobody claims any property without anyone else. Farming is the primary occupation and every family is given a land parcel. One of the rules that is not the same as todays time is that Utopian family has head of family unit that takes the things required with no trade for cash or direct merchandise. Unquestionably dread of need makes all sort of creature ravenous and avaricious, however just humankind is made so by pride, which causes them to consider their own greatness upgraded on the off chance that they exceed expectations others in showing unnecessary belonging, and in Utopia there is a bad situation for such reasoning. In the event that everybody starts to think in such a way, than there are chances that we could pick up opportunity from class battle and accomplish solidarity. The Utopian laws are exceptionally reasonable for individuals in light of the fact that each choice is taken for the advantages of the total society. Be that as it may, a portion of these laws are nonsensical and hard on individuals. For instance, the child must have same exchange as his dad. In any case, in the event that anybody is attracted to another occupation, he is moved by appropriation into another family where he can work at the exchange he needs to seek after. This breaks the bond a kid has with his family just to accomplish diverse exchange. In any case, in the wake of acing both the exchanges, he gets the opportunity to rehearse whichever he needs until and except if there is more appeal of the other exchange the city. Besides, he works for the exchange which benefits the general public all in all and not himself as a person. The instruction in Utopian culture isn't compulsory and not very many individuals are permitted to leave their work for training. They additionally accept that estimation of life is increased through training for which each kid is given finished instruction. It is fascinating to find that in spite of the fact that the Utopians have work function as their primary profession; the greater part of this individuals are seen doing scholarly investigations in their available time. In todays time, the instruction framework is at serious risk and should be protected from the impact of the decision class (***). This upper individuals, with the impact of Modern Industry, are influencing the training of offspring of working work class. This prompts change of their youngsters to straightforward articles of trade and instruments of work (***). These days there are a few nations which has state funded schools giving free instruction to youngsters. Perfect world is titled as socialist state by pundits as well as by the creators of The Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels. Subsequent to perusing the content, we discover Utopia as socialist state. It is referenced in the Manifesto that benefit and rivalry is harming the significance of the network: The bourgeoisie, any place it has the advantage, has stopped all medieval à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦ has left no other bond among man and man than exposed personal circumstance, than unfeeling money payment㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ has settled individual worth into trade esteem à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦ and has set up that solitary, unconscionable opportunity Free Trade (11). Additionally, in Utopia, Hythloday cites that any place there is property, everything is in the terms of riches and benefit. He further tells that it is difficult for the average citizens to pick up equity until equity is served when all the best thing go to the most noticeably terrible individuals or that bliss is conceivable when everything s hared among themselves who are not so much cheerful, while the rest are dove into wretchedness (46). Be that as it may, some socialist countries share barely any distinctions with Utopia as far as religion. We realize that religion exist in Utopia and has comparative accept like different religions i.e., there is just a single God however may have diverse nature. Though the socialist countries like China and Russia are among the top nonbeliever nation where 59% and 22% of the populace separately, doesnt put stock in God and follow no religion (Atheist). We know likewise that in Utopia individuals don't possess any cash or property while in China official abuse influence of their situation to pick up riches for individual advantage. The content by Thomas More, Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels shows that there could be two potential social orders, a perfect society, i.e., Utopian Society, where everything works with flawlessness and cash has no worth and the other society would be our current society, which is isolated into privileged and regular workers dependent on riches. Individuals are thinking about cash as the sole wellspring of bliss. This thinking about our own is demolishing numerous lives every year. Despite the fact that the unjustifiable treatment, for example, disparity, work compensation, and class battle had begun in the start of Capitalism, as yet proceeding and is by all accounts an interminable one. Todays society reduces the fascination of being young by driving work onto individuals so as to succeed. It is unreasonable to the laborers who contribute the most to the general public and get extremely less consequently. We should stop private possession and empower open proprietorship. In open propr ietorship individuals dont own anything and destitution doesnt exist. Notwithstanding, individuals have an ensures life of satisfaction and strength. Work Cited Marx, Karl, and Frederick Engels. The Communist Manifesto. New York: International Publisher, 2012. Print.

The Understanding and Planning for Health Promotion - 1100 Words

The Understanding and Planning for Health Promotion (Annotated Bibliography Sample) Content: Health Planning and Evaluation By Lecturers Name and Course NumberHealth promotion is a process that enables individuals to improve and increase control over their health. This paper summarizes various sources that will aid in the understanding and planning for health promotion.Dakubo, C.Y., 2010.Ecosystems and human health: a critical approach to Eco health research and practice. Springer Science Business Media.In Chapter 5 of Ecosystems and human health: a critical approach to Eco health research and practice, Dakubo (2014) explores the main events that caused ecosystem perspectives to public health practice, thinking, and research to emerge. This chapter explores milestones in 3 major fields which caused the ecosystem approach. The three areas are the old public health, the new public health, and the critical new public health. The chapter shows how the phases associated with the biomedical approach to health and indicates how the phases related to dominant forms of medical knowledge. The reasons for the emergence of a second era are explored, and the reasons for the old era criticism outlined. This chapter traces the development of public health thinking since the sanitary model over to modern views of critical public health.Dakubo (2014) explores the new  public health approach as outlined in the Lalonde report. 4 major factors that were key in modeling individuals health according to the report are examined. The factors are defined and then linked to the ecosystem approach. The importance of the Lalonde report in shaping human health is also explained. The author shows how the report impacted the U.S Department of Health decision to produce a health report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. That second report explored how both personal behaviors and environmental factors influenced health.The chapter then explores the mixed methods of natural resource management. This author brings out the role of human activities in leading to the degradation of the environment, changes in climate, and depleting of resources. Areas of concern of adopting these integrated approached to resource management are examined, and their periods of emergence too. The chapter also indicates the efforts that have been made towards linking health and environment to sustainable development. It does this by introducing reports that tried to do the linking, for instance, a report named Our Common Future by the World Commission of Environment and Development. The information outlined in this chapter can prove useful in the understanding and planning for health promotion since major approaches are explored.Naidoo, J. and Wills, J., 2009.Foundations for health promotion. Elsevier Health Sciences.Chapter five of the book written by Naidoo and Willis (2009) examines five different approaches to health promotion. These approaches are; the medical approach, the lifestyle approach, the educational approach, the radical approach, and the empow erment and community development approach. The chapter tries to bring out the differences between the approaches and shows how the real difference is different from how they may be perceived. The differences are shown in terms of methods of intervention, means of evaluation, and required skills. The chapter indicates how important it is to examine an approach to health promotion in a bid to try and identify a change that is necessary.Naidoo and Willis (2009) demonstrate the aim of each approach to health promotion. It then shows the methods and evaluations of the approaches. The author brings out the objectives of the five different approaches to health promotion. They all aim at preventing diseases. They also aim at ensuring that all individuals are well informed and in a position to make health choices. Helping individuals acquire the skills and confidence to take great control over their health is another objective of the approaches. The last objective of the approaches, as broug ht out in the chapter, is to change policies and environment in a bid to facilitate health choices.The chapter also develops models of practice as a means of identifying types of health promotion. It explains the importance of using a model as a framework to show how things are connected or relate. The author then introduces the different models that have been used in health promotion literature and the modes of interventions used by the models. These models are Beattie (1991), Caplan Holland (1990), and Tannahill (1996), and Tones (2001). The author shows how all these models promoted health education, disease prevention, and health protection. All the models are represented diagrammatically so as to simplify the concept of health promotion and represent reality too. Each model had different perspectives of health promotion, and they are all explored in the chapter. This chapter clearly outlines the approaches and models of health promotion, and can be very useful in the planning of health promotion.Germov, J, Freij, M Richmond, K 2014, A Sociology of Health Promotion, Second opinion: an introduction to health sociology, 5th edn, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, pp. 464-483.Chapter 25 of Germov, Freij, and Richmond (2014) starts by explaining the concept of community health services. The philosophy shared by community health services is brought out as indicated in various reports such as the 1978 Alma-Ata Declaration. Three principles which were established in the Alma-Ata Declaration are outlined. The reader is given a cle...

Conformity In Holden Caufield In The Catcher In The Rye

Holden Caufield in the story Catcher in the Rye represents a growing discontent with 1950 America’s culture of conformity by not following the â€Å"norm†, or what he likes to call phony people. â€Å"The culture of conformity† a cultural shift in the 1950’s that caused people, young and old to stop trying to truly be themselves, instead they would start following group norms. The norm was basically you would have to do good in high school then grind away at college to excel there, then you would finish college and get a corporate job and climb the ladder to get to the top. Then you would get married, have kids, buy a house, and live then rest of your life. This was the â€Å"formula† most Americans would follow to lead to a â€Å"good life† and to become†¦show more content†¦Holden is more of an extreme case when it comes to the resentment of conformity in American culture as he was extremely judgmental, however because of the extre me judgement he was not blinded by the norms that came with the culture of conformity, trying to fit or being accepted. Holden was able to tell right from wrong an example would be when he was talking about how the people in his college were bullies, they would let certain people in certain activities if they didn’t look a certain way or if they didn’t fit the norms of beauty. All these norm such as gender roles, and societal expectations were spawned after war, they were formed to build America into a peaceful and affluent society, as you can see the end goal was a good one but creating norms lead American’s to believe that their was only one way to success and it lead to people changing their core being just to fit into whatever social norm they wanted to fit to, they lost their individuality which was what America was suppose to be about all along. To wrap this all up in conclusion Holden Caufield from J.D. Salinger’s Catcher in the rye was essentially a manifestation of the rebellion against Americas culture of conformity in the 1950’s. He manifested this rebelli on by simply not being sucked into acting or doing certain thing to fit a norm created by society, he was not blinded by norm’s and was able to see when people were not being themselves orShow MoreRelatedEssay on Dead Poets Catcher Inthe Rye1012 Words   |  5 PagesDead Poets Society/Catcher in the Rye The Catcher in the Rye and Dead Poets Society are very similar stories. Both deal with the coming of age in the lives of prestigious young men. These two stories also deal with the conformity of these young men in their transition from private boys school to the real world. There are two young men from each of the stories whose lives are alike yet different in some ways. Holden Caufield and Neil Perry are two young men coming of age searching forRead MoreCatcher In The Rye Narrative Analysis1031 Words   |  5 PagesSalingers The Catcher in the Rye, Salinger creates a unique narration through the way Holden speaks. In The Catcher in the Rye, Salinger reveals the inner Holden Caufield through the style of Salingers writing. Salinger writes the book as if Holden Caulfield speaks directly through the reader, like a kid telling a story to his friends. Like with most conversations, there is more to infer from not only the speaker says, but also how the speaker says it. In the book, readers can infer that Holden is muchRead MoreSalinger And The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie2116 Words   |  9 Pagestime’s cultures tend to segregate themselves from others due to different values, societal rules, and beliefs. The novels The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger and The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie both show two very different cultures that are present in the United States. The individualistic values present in The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. 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History of Percussion Essay - 3972 Words

Percussion is known to have been around since the beginning of civilization, in all cultures and all major civilizations around the world. In 6000 B.C., the first time of a percussion instrument was evolved, and it was simply anything that could be found that could be hit together to create a sound. Percussion instruments have been used and associated with strong ceremonial, sacred, or symbolic events. For example, in Africa, drums symbolize and protect tribal royalty. The drums symbolize a family, sharing the same blood and feelings. The drums were are used to communicate through the villages and used as a type of language to transmit messages. In medieval and Renaissance Europe, the snare drum was used in the infantry to send coded†¦show more content†¦A region in western Australia accompanied dancing with scraping an idiophone, or rasp. Some other forms of percussion within the Aboriginal tribes are beating bark or a skin bundle, or struck on the ground, boomerang clapsti cks, hollowed log struck with sticks, lap slapping, rasp or friction, seed rattles, single headed skin drum (struck with open palm or stick), stick beaten on the ground, sticks only, and thigh slapping. It is apparent to see that the Aborigines did not need many materials to create a percussive sound to accompany their traditional dancing and singing. In Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, Anklungs are used as rattles that have two or three bamboo tubes which are tuned in octaves. When you shake them, the tubes slide along grooves cut into the rectangular frame and strike the bamboo or wooden frame. In many traditional cultures, the bell has been used in the musical ensembles, just like the gankogui mentioned above. In each culture, the bell represents something different within the contexts. It is made from a wide variety of natural and synthetic materials, like clay, wood, metals of all kinds, and animal hooves. There are two basic kinds of bells: one in which the body may be close d at one end and open at the other (also known as â€Å"cup† bells), and one in which it may be entirely closed and hollow, with a metal pellet inside (also called â€Å"crotals†). Some bells haveShow MoreRelated History of Percussion Instruments Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Percussion Instruments There are few certainties about the percussion family. No one can say how many instruments it contains; few have agreed on playing techniques; and few could name one orchestral piece specifically written with percussion in mind. However, one thing is certain, percussion has been shown over time that it is not merely a matter of beating out rhythm (â€Å" History of Percussion† 1). 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Corporate Financial Management Finance

Question: Discuss aboutthe the use of accounting ratios and whether it gives the best possible analysis of the financial statements? Answer: Introduction Our argument lays on an application of ratio analysis on two the leading companies of UK. Ratio analysis can be known as the simple application of accounting ratios to measure the financial position of companies. However, it fails to compare the ratios of one company to that of another. The exact benchmark to compare ratios of one company to another company can often be different due to its area of operations, different depreciation methods, accounting methods, market factors, and market demands. It could be said that good performance of one company may seem like an unsatisfactory performance for another (Barrow, 2011). The argument lies in whether ratio analysis is the best analytical method for analysis of financial statements. In the context of the argument, we will evaluate the importance of ratio analysis as well as the disadvantages it pose while comparing the ratio of a company of one industry to that of another. The ratio analysis is done on Royal Dutch Shell, which is multinational Gas and Oil Company, which is originally incorporated in UK and is headquartered in Netherland. The ratio analysis of Royal Dutch Shell is compared to that of BP, which is one of the major gas and Oil Company. British Petroleum or BP is headquartered in London in England. Based on the analysis the argument that whether ratio analysis is a most effective tool, or not can be evaluated (Arnold, 2013). Analysis The first part of the essay focuses on the utility of the ratio analysis. Ratio analysis includes evaluation of the companys profitability, liquidity, Efficiency, solvency and capital structure. The profitability ratios used here are gross income margin and net income margin. The gross profit margin of Royal Dutch Shell for the year 2014 is $63789000/$421105000 i.e. 15.15% and that of 2013 is $69650000/$451235000 i.e. 15.44%. The gross profit margin of BP for the year 2014 is $41328000/$353568000 i.e. 11.69% and that of 2013 is $46211000/$379136000 i.e. 12.19%. The net profit ratio of Royal Dutch Shell for the year 2014 is $14874000/$421105000 i.e. 3.5% and that of 2013 is $16371000/$451235000 i.e. 3.6%. The net profit margin of BP for the year 2014 is $3780000/$353568000 i.e. 1.1% and that of 2013 is $23451000/$379136000 i.e. 6.1% (NicolaÃÅ'â‚ ¬s, 2013). The liquidity position of the companies is measured using current ratio and liquid ratio. The current ratio of Royal Dutch Shell for the year 2014 is $ 99,778,000/$ 86,212,000 i.e. 1.16 and that of 2013 is $103,343,000/$93,258,000 i.e. 1.10. The current ratio of BP for the year 2014 is $ 87,262,000/$ 63,615,000 i.e. 1.37 and that of 2013 is $96,840,000/$72,812,000 i.e. 1.33. The liquid ratio of Royal Dutch Shell for the year 2014 is $ 80077000/$ 86,212,000 i.e. 0.93 and that of 2013 is $73334000/$93,258,000 i.e. 0.79. The liquid ratio of BP for the year 2014 is $ 68889000/$ 63,615,000 i.e. 1.08 and that of 2013 is $67609000/$72,812,000 i.e. 0.93 (Brigham Houston, 2012). The efficiency position is measured by evaluating the companys ability to manage its assets. The asset turnover ratio of Royal Dutch Shell for the year 2014 is $421105000/$353116000 i.e. 1.19, and that of 2013 is $451235000/$357512000 i.e. 1.26. The asset turnover ratio of BP for the year 2014 is $353568000/$284305000 i.e. 1.244, and that of 2013 is $379136000/$305690000 i.e. 1.24. The solvency position or capital structure of the company is measured using solvency ratios. The debt-equity ratio of Royal Dutch Shell for the year 2014 is $180330000/$ 178154000 i.e. 1.01, and that of 2013 is $176364000/$ 184785000 i.e. 0.95. The debt-equity ratio of BP for the year 2014 is $171663000/$112157000 i.e. 1.53, and that of 2013 is $175283000/$ 129775000 i.e. 1.35 (Bekaert Hodrick, 2012). For After analysis of the ratios, we are discussing the importance of ratio analysis. The gross profit margin of RDS and BP decreases from 2013 to 2014. However, while computing the net profit margin of RDS, the fall in a net profit margin of RDS from 2013 to 2014 is quite less as compared to that of BP. The current ratio of both the company is increasing from 2013 to 2014. The liquid ratio of RDS is slightly poorer than that of BP. The asset turnover ratio of RDS is falling from 2013 to 2014, whereas the asset turnover ratio of BP is increasing from 2013 to 2014. The D/E ratio of both RDS and BP is increasing from 2013 to 2014 (Kapil, 2011). The accounting ratios are used to measure the overall financial position. Here, RDS is using the financial ratios to compare its performance with BP. It will help us evaluate the historical financial data of the company and based on the analysis, improvements in specific areas can be made. Financial ratios are really important because by checking the balance sheets of the company it is difficult to understand the creditworthiness of the company. However, by using the solvency ratio the debt position of the companies can be understood. Using the accounting ratios, the future health of the two companies can be evaluated by the stakeholders. For example, if the solvency position of RDS is better than BP whereas the efficiency position of BP is better than RDS. Then it can be expected that lower debt-equity ratio means better debt control and capital structure. The efficiency position of BP is increasing from 2013 to 2014, and it is better than RDS (Eun Resnick, 2012) Against This part mainly deals with the limitations of ratio analysis. The marginal fall in net profit of BP is quite higher than that of RDS. This is mainly because the although both the company operates in a similar industry and have similar accounting structure, but BP has comparatively lower net profit in 2014 because of its failure to control its operating expenses. The different cost position of the two companies may show the poor image of BP to the investors. Nevertheless, comparing the liquidity ratio of the two companies it can be observed that BP has been successful in maintaining its liquidity ratios to the ideal position. On the other hand, RDS has been able to meet its short run obligation from effective utilization of its assets. As in RDS, the company has different inventory valuation method and follows a straight-line depreciation method. Thus, the fall in its total assets is proportionately lower than the decrease in its revenue. Due to which the company has a relatively lower turnover position as compared to BP (Grieve, 2013). Conclusion Our argument mainly focuses on the use of accounting ratios and whether it gives the best possible analysis of the financial statements. In this context, we made a brief evaluation of the financial statements of Royal Dutch Shell and British Petroleum using accounting ratios. From the analysis, the importance of ratio analysis is done, and examples are given from the ratio analysis of RDS and BP. Although financial ratios are useful because it will help the shareholders, investors and creditors understand, the companies' financial position but it also has some limitations. The second part of the argument focus on the limitations of the financial ratios. Different accounting policies, accounting methods, industry norms and hidden financial data can limit the ratio analysis. The main argument is whether ratio analysis is the best accounting tools for financial statement analysis. In this relation, applications of some of the ratios are discussed. The counter argument to this analysis i s the limitations of ratio analysis. Based on the essay it can be concluded that if ratio analysis is conducted in an unthinking and mechanical manner, it can give wrong results but if used effectively then the ratio analysis gives all the financial information (Madura, 2012). References Arnold, G. (2013).Corporate financial management. Harlow, England: Pearson. Barrow, C. (2011).Practical financial management. London: Kogan Page. Bekaert, G., Hodrick, R. (2012).International financial management. Boston: Pearson. Brigham, E., Houston, J. (2012).Fundamentals of financial management. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning. Brooks, R. (2013).Financial management. Boston: Pearson. Eun, C., Resnick, B. (2012).International financial management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Grieve, I. (2013).Microsoft Dynamics GP 2013 financial management. Birmingham, UK: Packt Pub. Kapil, S. (2011).Financial management. Noida, India: Pearson. Madura, J. (2012).International financial management. Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning. NicolaÃÅ'â‚ ¬s, C. (2013).Microsoft Dynamics NAV Financial Management. Birmingham: Packt Publishing.

No Other Essays - Stonehenge, Henges, , Term Papers

No Other Despite the many purposes it seems to serve, Stonehenge is still the embodiment of mystery for most of the world. Some believe that its purpose was to be used as an astronomical observatory. Others think that it was used as a religious meeting center for the Druids. However, no one has been able to prove its true meaning and existence. Stonehenge is believed to have been built in three main periods. The first took place between 3100 and 2700 B. C. This part of the construction consisted of building a huge ditch around the area in which Stonehenge was to be built (Castleden 1). This ditch was 320 ft. in diameter with a broken area in which the entrance is located. Just inside the ditch 56 holes were dug equal distance from each other. These holes were then filled with chalk rubble, but some of the holes were filled with the bones of cremated human beings. These holes were called the Aubrey holes after their discoverer John Aubrey. To the northeast of the ditch a 16ft. tall heel stone was erected (Brown 751). The second phase of the building is non-existent to this day (Warwick and Trump I t can however be inferred by to holes known as the ?Q? and ?R? holes. The two holes form a double circle around the monument. It was originally filled with 38 blue stones. Also during this building phase two ditches were dug parallel to each other. The two ditches go outward from the entrance. This part of the building process is believed to be unfinished. This thought is due to the fact that some holes are missing in the double circles (Brown 751). The third phase in building is the most spectacular of all the phases. This is because of the 100ft. Circle that is filled with 30 sarsen stone columns which weighs 25 tons separately. A continuous circle of lintel stones held in place by mortise and tenon joints tops them off. Inside the circle is the holes known as the ?X? and ?Y? holes. Also inside are a small horseshoe shape of bluestones. The largest bluestone is called the altar stone. This altar stone's original location and meaning is unknown. It now lies under two fallen trilithon stone. The builders of this age of Stonehenge are the Wessex culture of the early Bronze Age (Brown 752). Those who constructed Stonehenge may never be known. There are many myths and legends as to who really built the huge monument. On such myth is that the great magician Merlin built Stonehenge. This was claimed in the book History of the Kings of Britains written by Geoffrey of Monmouth. According to Geoffrey the huge stones were taken from Ireland and moved to England where they were marked as a burial ground for slain British princes. This monument was set up by King Ambrosius. He sent for Merlin to give him a monument. Merlin suggested the ?Dance of the Giants? in Ireland. However the Irish were not going to give up their monument without a fight. They had set up an army to defend the giant monument from King Ambrosius's army of soldiers sent to fetch the monument. The British defeated the Irish but could not budge the giant stones in any way, shape, or form. Merlin, however, could. He came to their rescue and moved the stones with the greatest of ease. This story was a good explan ation to all medieval believers. Outline I. Construction A. Phases 1. Period I 2. Period II 3. Period III B. Builders 1. Celts and Druids 2. Merlin and King Ambrossius II. Purpose A. Solstice Calendar B. Druids Meetings C. Astronomical Events III. Feeling toward Stonehenge A. Peoples Feelings Then B. Peoples Feelings now

How does Williams use dramatic devices in A Streetcar Named Desire to heighten the tragic aspects of the play Essay Example

How does Williams use dramatic devices in A Streetcar Named Desire to heighten the tragic aspects of the play Essay Example How does Williams use dramatic devices in A Streetcar Named Desire to heighten the tragic aspects of the play Paper How does Williams use dramatic devices in A Streetcar Named Desire to heighten the tragic aspects of the play Paper Essay Topic: A Streetcar Named Desire Literature Williams uses many dramatic devices to develop the play as a tragedy including: symbolism, stage directions and sounds. A Streetcar Named Desire can be seen as a modern domestic tragedy as the characters are not of noble birth and the play has specific focus on a female protagonist and anti-heroine, in this case Blanche. Blanche is often difficult to have an affinity with as she can come across as snobbish and over dramatising however, her fragility leads her to be a truly tragic figure much like that of Ophelia in Hamlet. Both characters are destroyed by the death of their loved ones and both suffer deaths themselves; albeit, in different ways. Williams uses symbolism to great effect within the play. In scene 1 the stage directions describe Blanche as â€Å"a moth†. William’s uses stage directions as a crucial dramatic device, making them highly detailed so when performed on stage it could be exactly as described; they became a signature of his. Instantly, a scene of tragedy is set as a moth is fragile however essentially a creature of self destruction, in its quest towards light it often ends up destroying itself. This sense of foreshadowing intensifies the tragedy from the very beginning, suggesting no matter what Blanche does, or how hopeful things are the outcome will not be pleasant. Blanches journey on the streetcar is an important metaphor. ‘They told me to take a street- car named Desire, and then transfer to one called Cemeteries and ride six blocks and get off at – Elysian Fields’ This journey represents her life, used therefore is a type of foreshadowing, highlighting the inevitability of her descent into madness. The ‘street-car name Desire’ signifies her life at Belle Reve, her desire led her to her advances on the seventeen year old student and prostitution which forced her out, her â€Å"desire† being her hamartia. ‘Cemeteries’ has obvious connotations of death, of which Blanche has witnessed many: ‘The long parade of the graveyard! Father, mother’, it could perhaps represent the death of her old self. Elysian Fields is a reference to Greek Mythology; the place where worthy mortals rested after death. Because Blanches ‘old’ self died in Laurel she travels here to find her Elysium, however it is not found. Fate is also shown in this journey when Stanley says â€Å"her future is mapped out for her† suggests that she can’t change paths. This is backed up by Stella â€Å"In the first place, Blanche wouldn’t go on a bus† it is implied that whereas a bus is free to go wherever, a Streetcar has one destination. Blanche takes the Streetcar to Elysian Fields and so cements her downfall. This idea of inevitability links directly to Aristotle and Hegel’s theories of tragedy in which Aristotle talks about its necessity and Hegel too for the drama to attain tragic status and ‘arouse pity or fear in the spectators’ and by doing so ‘purge those emotions’ at the end, otherwise known as catharsis. The symbol of â€Å"light† is among the most significant aspects of the play. In Scene 1 Blanche says â€Å"Turn that over-light off†¦ I won’t be looked at in this merciless glare†. This idea of shying away from the light is carried on, with Blanche covering a naked bulb with a paper lantern in Scene 3 stating â€Å"I can’t stand a naked light bulb any more than I can a rude remark or vulgar action†. This action of covering the light so she is in part darkness suggests that she is hiding implying that Blanche would rather hide behind polite phrases and false pretences, rather than accept truth and reality. Blanche lives in a world of delusions. In scene six she says â€Å"I don’t want realism†¦I want magic†. She doesn’t want to face the truth; she’d rather stay in her world of fantasy, in the dark. In a more literal way, Blanche’s avoidance of the light is due to her fear of people seeing her clearly, in terms of age. The paper lantern is a flimsy thing which cannot last; merely cast a romantic glow temporarily while keeping the truth in shadow, however eventually it will be removed. This symbol is used as foreshadowing. The lantern protects her from the harsh realities of her life and when Stanley rips it off in the final scene she â€Å"cries out† as Stanley has stripped her metaphorically and she is forced into the light, into destruction. Though it is not a literal death it is a death of a sort, perhaps more tragic than that of a literal one. Williams knew personally about death of the mind, as his sister Rose suffered severe mental issues and was later given a full frontal lobotomy. Williams was in fact first going to end the play with Blanche throwing herself under a train, so perhaps he thought that her descent into total madness was more relevant tragedy for a modern age. Blanche is symbolic of illusions whereas Stanley of the truth and realism, these differences causes constant conflict between the two characters as they vie for Stella’s affections, the two cultures can be seen as the metaphor for the play and the battle between the old South and the new industrialising America. Blanche’s desperation for people to believe her lies causes the audience to feel distinct pity towards her whereas before it might have been annoyance at her snobbish attitudes. She seems entirely deluded at this point and almost a pathetic and tragic figure. Williams also uses dramatic irony in scene seven where Blanche sings Paper Moons in the bath suggesting her hope in a future with Mitch rests on him believing in her illusions however, the audience are then allowed revelations about her past from Stanley. He reveals her past and then divulges that he has also informed Mitch of the information; which Blanche does not know, creating a scene of dramatic irony as the audience listen to Blanche fantasise about a future that will never become reality. Blanche has lost any hope of a secure future. The fact that the audience are able to witness more than Blanche herself causes a dramatic tension within the audience. Blanche recedes into complete madness and illusion. As she can no longer deal with reality, she is sent to a mental asylum. Stella is essentially doing the same thing, she cannot believe Blanche’s story so ignores it. The audience have seen Blanche lie and even admit to it, and it is tragic that at the point she tells the truth and acknowledged reality no one believes her. Blanche’s decent into madness could be linked to Hamlet perceived madness as initially it was caused by the death of those around her at Belle Reve and Hamlets due to the death of his father, following this Blanche then had to battle for her sisters affections like Hamlet had to battle for his mothers. Both characters were damaged by the ones they loved in some way or another. Finally, Tennyson uses much music in the play, one of the most obvious examples of this being Blanches song in scene 7. She sings â€Å"Its only a paper moon, Just as phony as it can be. But it wouldnt be make-believe If you believe in me. † Blanche is almost admitting to her lies in a way, acknowledging her stories and herself as â€Å"phony† however, suggests that if enough people believe it and in her they can become true. The lyrics of the actual song explain how love turns the world into a fictitious fantasy. The speaker sings of how if both lovers believe in their fantasy then it will no longer be ‘make-believe’; reflecting how Blanche leads her life, she sees her lie as merely a means of living a more enjoyable life and as harmless †I don’t tell the truth. I tell what ought to be the truth†. Ophelia’s madness in Hamlet is similar to this as it is represented through songs and a close association with flowers, this is similar to Blanche’s repetition of the polka and the song of the Spanish woman selling â€Å"flowers for the dead†. The Varsouviana Polka was the song Blanche was dancing to with her husband just before he committed suicide, and it is heard- by Blanche only – at points in the play when she is feeling remorse for his death. It is first heard in scene one after Stanley asks about her husband, then in scene two it is heard when Blanche tells the story of her ill-fated marriage to Mitch. Later on in the play she says that the music only stops after she hears the gunshot. As Blanche descends into madness the polka plays more and more frequently to symbolise this tragic descent. The polka and the moment it represents are a symbol of Blanche’s loss of innocence, Greys suicide was what prompted her mental decline and since then she hears the tune whenever she begins to slip into illusion and lose grip on reality, hence it playing more often towards the end of the play. Contrastingly, Stanley is represented by the music of New Orleans; Jazz. These different types of music are representative of the respective characters, also of the social and historical situation at the time in that Blanche represents a fading Southern belle, and fading morals whereas, Stanley the ‘American Dream’. The play finishes with ‘the swelling music of the blue piano’ rather than Blanche’s polka; showing how this new America is the future. The same message is embodied in the rape. Together these devices make a truly moving and tragic play in which a descent into madness is the â€Å"death† required in tragedy as a genre. Music emphasises important moments in the play and allows the audience insight into the mind of Blanche. Williams use of symbols is also significant in stressing the tragedy of the play as they foreshadow the unpleasant ending and Blanche’s downfall.

Compare And Contrast The Political Agendas Of Putin And Ahmadinejad Term Paper

Compare And Contrast The Political Agendas Of Putin And Ahmadinejad - Term Paper Example They are geared towards ensuring that the lives of their ordinary citizens are completely transformed economically as well as politically. Moreover, they are completely opposed to the west’s dominance over the global affairs. They view this dominance as primarily geared towards protecting the interests of the west at the expense of other world countries. It is in the light of the feeling that they all want to salvage their countries from this influence. They intend to achieve this by building a strong economy base in the country. They are of the opinion that a strong economy is not likely to be subjected to manipulation. Their political agenda Putin’s political agenda is demonstrated in a number of moves that are intended to reduce uncertainty as who will contest the presidency of Russia the moment he will step down. He will go on to control the country’s election even on finishing his term which is seen as a good move because it will foster political stability a nd reduce political tensions. Putin adopted a strategy that was called the zero option. This was geared towards prohibition on the redistribution of property as well as prohibition of any kind of prosecution of those perceived to have taken part in the privatization. Putin believed that what posed the greatest threat to Russia’s strategic stability was the American unilateralism. He wanted an assurance that United States would always act in a multi lateral fashion as opposed to its usual ways of pursuing its own national interest and in the process interfere with national interests of other countries Russia included. Putin was elected the Russian president in January 2000. His pledge was that he would bring stability and order in Russia as well as initiate a process that would restore Russia to its initial greatness. His political agenda was to unify the Russian Society, bring stability to the Russian economy as well as strengthen the country. He wanted to ensure a calm inter national environment which he viewed as the key to Russia’s goal of rebuilding. Putin made impression in the process of restoring the country’s stability domestically through a variety of methods. His agenda was to pursue a program based on careful as well as consistent economic and administrative reforms. These changes were premised on; quashing any kind of political opposition as well as establishing the central government’s authority. To achieve this he had to put in place a stable economic platform. This is why the country’s GDP continued to grow, enabling Russia to pay for its budget being the first Soviet Union country to be able to do so. Before he was elected Ahmadinejad was a very little known political figure. Since his election in 2005 he has made notable attempts to revive the populist policies that characterize The Islamic Revolution in earlier days. This is characterized by his political style of confrontation. His authoritarianism coupled w ith the many incendiary comments that he made against the United States as well as Israel. These remarks have made him a figure viewed as very controversial. Ahmadinejad’ administration is very vocal in its attempt at promoting an agenda that is Pan-Islamic as well as driving the influence of Iran in regional matters. As a result he has received dominance over western media as one of the up-coming leader from the developing world and keen on challenging global order that is being led by America. His ideals and rhetoric are purely populist. They

UNCITRAL Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods Essay

UNCITRAL Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 1980 (CISG), - Essay Example However, out of the seventy-eight member states that are part of the CISG, some leading economies such as India, Brazil, and the United Kingdom are yet to join (Borges 2008, pp. 333). The United Kingdom has its own reasons for not joining the CISG. We shall explore some of these reasons in the discussion. The CISG has experienced immense success since its formation, and its relevance has been felt in several countries due to its ability to provide modern, standardized legislation in the international sale of goods that apply whenever the contracts for the sale of goods have been completed between the parties with a place of business among the contracting states. According to Ferrari (2000, p. 120), one of the key reasons that led to the success of the CISG is that it was widely accepted by states from the entire geographical region, all the vital social, economic, and legal systems, and every stage of economic development. Its aim was that it was to be created in such a way that it w as going to be easy to understand and interpret by each member states. Honnold states that the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International sale of Goods was written in an extremely straightforward and understandable language, which refers to the events and things for which there are words of universal content. The CISG is a significant legislative achievement because it has a massive influence on the worldwide trans-border business laws. Different countries have their own reservations for joining the CISG (Schelechtriem & Schwezwer 2005, pp. 45). The main reasons as to why the United Kingdom had refused to join the convention is that they lacked the time to ratify it, and at the moment it is already not a legislative main concern. The reason as to why it is not a legislative priority at the moment is because there has been slight interest shown by the United Kingdom businesses. These business entities seek to show partnership with the CISG. Unless more interest is s hown at this point, there will be no parliament action on the implementation of the act. The debate of whether the United Kingdom should join the CISG or not should be argued in both ways. In the previous years, the United Kingdom had seen it not necessary to amend its international sales regulation. However, the economic downfall the United Kingdom faced in the year, 2008, made it realize that it was time they made partnership with CISG legislation since it could be seen as denying its people of an extremely potentially useful option. Ratifying the convention so that it could be among many of the European Union nations, Africa, the United States, and the Latin American nations by the UK should also be a priority. However, there are some arguments that the Convention does not similarly benefit anybody. For this, we will also explore why there are such arguments. Countries that have adopted this legislation are capable of eliminating any vagueness in its domestic laws that deal with the international sale of goods. This has enabled the international trade to become hassle free and has also reduced dispute that may arise between trading countries. There are problems that are caused by the United Kingdom’s refusal to join the CISG (Rogowska 2007, pp.230). It has also caused troubles for the rest of the countries that trade with it because different arrangements have to be made. It is essential to realize that with the

Blocking rehearsal time with an interference task Essay Example for Free

Blocking rehearsal time with an interference task Essay The theories of memory and how much, or how long we can remember things, and why, is a greatly studied area of Psychology as a science. Psychologists have created and recreated numerous tests and research methods in order to prove that their particular theory is correct. There are two main theories of memory: Levels of Processing (L.O.P.) and the Multi-store Model.  The L.O.P. approach was pioneered by two psychologist Craik and Lockhart (1972), who believed that the mind will remember things better if the information is processed on a deeper level, ie. thought about more, taking into account the amount of work that is put into processing the information received. From research they discovered that the deeper the processing required the longer and more durable the memory is likely to be. They also identified what they believed to be three levels of processing: Structural What something looks like.  Phonetic What something sounds like.  Semantic What something means.  From experiments and tests carried out, they found that the deepest level was semantic, and their reason for this, they argued, was because in order to extract the meaning from a word, and to consider its relevance in a sentence of words, requires a lot of processing. They decided that hearing a word and then trying to visualize it also requires some extensive cognitive processing, but not as much as semantic processing, and the least amount of mental work was required for structural processing, ie. what the letters look like. A test carried out by Craik and Tulving (1975), Depth of processing and retention of words in episodic memory supported their theory. Another model which is highly regarded as one of the most influential theories of memory is the Multi-store model, in particular the two-process model, designed and tested by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968, 1971). Their theory was that information received by the senses is primarily stored in the sensory store for a very short period of time before it is transferred to the short term memory. Atkinson and Shiffrin believed that when the information is in the short term memory (STM), it could either be rehearsed for a certain amount of time and then stored in the long term memory (LTM), or alternatively lost. Figure 1.1 illustrates the theory in an easier to understand way. Perhaps this is also an example of how the L.O.P. theory is flawed as although the diagram is seen to be structural information, it will probably provoke strong visual imagery. Atkinson and Shiffrin believed that chunks of information received by the sensory store could be held in the STM for around 20 seconds, but only 5 to 9 (on average) chunks of info can be remembered without rehearsal. However, if rehearsed the chunks of information can be transferred into the long term memory and more items can be remembered. The theory of the rehearsal loop interests me, so I decided to look further into it and found that psychologists: Brown (1958) and Peterson and Peterson (1959) independently discovered a method for testing the existence of the rehearsal loop called the Brown-Peterson technique. This basically involves a list of trigrams (three letter words made up of consonants with no immediate meaning ie. BKD, as apposed to WHY) shown to subjects for 20 seconds, rehearsed for 25 seconds and then recorded in order by the subject as well as possible. The same list is then shown to another subject for the same amount of time, however this time the 25 seconds rehearsal time will be interrupted with an interference task ie. counting backwards in threes from the number 58. This is the technique I will use as a basis of my mini-cognitive research project. AIM:  To test the existence of the rehearsal loop by preventing it from its task with an interference task during the rehearsal time.  RATIONALE:  I will be re-creating the Brown-Peterson technique for testing the existence of the rehearsal loop, although my study will use slightly different trigrams, and obviously a different set of people. Im interested to check whether the results of my study will support the results found by Brown-Peterson or not. I will use a set word list for both groups of people studied and Im expecting the results of my study to support the results of previous tests, thus supporting the theory of existence of the rehearsal loop. HYPOTHESIS:  When asked to recall the list of trigrams in order after a period of 25 seconds rehearsal time, the subject will remember significantly more trigrams if the rehearsal time is not interrupted by an interference task.  NULL HYPOTHESIS:  Subjects taking part in the experiment will not recall a significantly greater number of words whether their rehearsal time is interrupted with an interference task or not. Any difference found is purely down to chance. METHOD:  The method I chose to use in order to obtain the clearest and most reliable data was the laboratory experiment. The reason for using this method is to reduce the amount of extraneous and possibly confounding variables which could interfere with the results; also it becomes very easy to repeat the same test over and over without change. I will use the independent groups design to ensure that different participants are used for each test in order to avoid the chances that the participants will skew the results through rehearsal. The first set of participants will be shown a list of 15 trigrams for 20 seconds, after which time they will be asked to rehearse these for a period of 25 seconds. After that time they will then be asked to write out as many as possible in the correct order (if the trigram is BHD then the participant must write BHD, no mark will be given for BDH). The results will then be recorded.  The same set of trigrams will then be shown to a different set of participants for the same amount of time. This time however during the 25 seconds rehearsal time, the participants will be asked to perform an interference task, which will be counting backwards in sets of 4 from the number 295. After the 25 seconds, they too will be asked to recall the trigram list and their results will also be recorded.

surrogate mothers Essay -- essays research papers

A Surrogate Mother is defined as â€Å"an adult woman who enters into an agreement to bear a child conceived through assisted conception for intended parents.† The couple is usually referred to as intended parents who enter into an agreement providing that they will be the parents of a child born to a surrogate through assisted conception, using an egg or sperm of at least one parent. 1 RIGHT - Surrogate motherhood is a right entitled to those who are ready and able to take on the responsibility of parenthood. Surrogate mothers fills a fundamental human longing. Procreation is a primitive instinct, and to many people it is devastating not to be able to become parents Surrogate motherhood is a solution to this age-old problem. Even in the bible, Abraham and Sarah resorted to a "surrogate mother" that produced their son Ishmael. 2NEED – Surrogate motherhood fills a need for infertile couples. 2.4 million infertile married American couples. It is estimated that one in six couples are affected by some degree of infertility. Many people are marrying later and are delaying having children. After age 45, about 95% of women are unable to conceive on their own. Surrogate mothers also fill the need for non-traditional families including the gay and lesbian population as well as single heterosexuals. ISSUES OF COMMERCIAL SURROGATE MOTHERHOOD Although compensation might not be the main motive for surrogacy, by making compensation illegal, it may decrease the amt. of surrogates available Some people may refer to surrogate motherhood as â€Å"baby selling† but surrogate mothers are not selling the child – they are just providing a service Medical Ethics professor at University of Texas stated, â€Å" Baby selling is you have a born child that is sold to another person. Here we’re talking about agreements made before conception has even occurred where there is no existing child. Secondly, the genes, in the case of gestational surrogacy, are being provided by the couple that is hiring the surrogate, thus, in a sense, it is their genetic child.† -the fee paid to the surrogate mother is not for the baby – it compensates her for her time and effort, initiating and carrying the pregnancy, giving birth, accepting the risks of pregnancy and childbirth (pain, depression, sleep disturbances), and possible loss of employment opportunities This $$ is often times seen as a gift to r... ...inancial REBUTTAL Children’s Reaction – my parents really wanted me or â€Å"I could have had a disease† Only 1% of all surrogate mothers change their mind and want to keep the baby as compared to 75% of birth mothers who change their minds in a traditional adoption The people who have struggled so hard to conceive their own child are probably the best candidates to be good parents, not the worst The American Fertility Society and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists have recognized infertility as a disease. The statutes that are designed allow the surrogacy option only for those who are affected with a medically recognized disability. Baby M – a psychological examination showed that Mary Beth Whitehead would have a problem giving up the child, but he agency handling the transaction did not bother to read the report. $$$ - some agencies require that their surrogate applicants have some minimum family income level before being accepted into their program. $$$Money is a motivation just like it would be in other situations in which people are paid to be surrogate parents (nannies, workers in day care centers, foster parents, and teachers in elementary schools)

Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini

Physical geography has a major Influence to the story. The themes of geography that mainly pertain to the story are Place, Human/ Environmental Interactions, and Movement. Place can have physical and human characteristics. The physical geography of Afghanistan changed after the wars and the Taliban attacks. For example, before in the â€Å"old days the wind swept through the irrigated plains around Islamabad where farmers grew sugar cane and the sweetness impregnated the air. † Now there were narrow road and dries up gutters. In Kabul when Hosannas and Emir were young boys, they used to run up hills surrounded by Poplar and Pomegranate trees.Treetops could be seen poking from behind the houses as they played. Now most of the trees were gone used as wood for lumber to keep Taliban from hiding. Where before you could fins street vendors and restaurants, now there are only dusty roads, abandoned buildings, and beggars. The number of beggars and orphaned children increased after t he wars. The change in this geographical sense changed the way of life of the Afghan's because now they were homeless because their houses were taken over by â€Å"guest† as the referred to the Taliban.They were left without Jobs, ways of growing crops and providing for their families. The war left omen and children husbandly and fatherless. Another theme of geography that pertains is movement. Because of the war, people were forced to relocate. Those that had money fled from Afghanistan. Babe and Emir left from Kabul dictatorial and into a foreign country, America, in hope of a better future. In Afghanistan they were the aristocratic class and In America they became the working class.The following ethnic groups represented In Kite Runner are Afghans. Pakistanis, Arabs, Palestinian, Iranians, Russians, and Germans. The major ethnic groups represented are the Afghans' divided into two major groups, the Hazard's and the Pushpins, and the Pakistanis. The Hazard's are outsiders a ccording to other Afghans because of their Mongolia indigenous people of eastern and southeast Asia and Arctic region. They are also considered outsiders because the Hazard's are Shiite Muslims In a mostly Sunnis Muslim nation.The Pushpins are the dominant ethnic group In Afghanistan accounting for more than half of the population. The Pushpins are Sunnis Muslims in a Sunnis Muslim Nation. The majority of Pakistanis practice Islam. Islam governs their personal, legal, political and economic parts of their life. Pakistanis live in a hierarchical society and are respect because of age and position. There are many examples of their conflicts during the course of the novel. One example Is when Hosannas finds his mother's history book and starts reading it.In the book he finds an inure chapter about the Hazards and how they were persecuted and oppressed by the Pushpins. When he takes it to his teacher, he replies, â€Å"That's the one thing Shih's people do well, passing themselves as m artyrs. † This show how they differ and how they dislike each other. Another example is when the teacher ells Emir, that Iranians are â€Å"grinning smooth talkers who patted you on the back with one hand and picked your pocket with the other. † This shows how they dislike each other even though the Iranians, Like the Hazards, are Shih's Muslims.Another example with me in Mazda†¦ We left them out for the dogs†¦ † This shows that the Taliban could not put away their differences and they had so much hatred that they believed the Hazards were as significant as animals. The novel faithfully matches the reality of its time. Throughout the book, it mentions dates important to the plot but also events that happened in reality. For example, it leaked about King Mohammad Sahara Shah being sent away to Italy and being overthrown by his cousin Mohammad Doodad Khan in 1973.When further research was done, it proved to be correct with actual events. Another example of this was when the book mentions that the Taliban took over and massacred the Hazard's in 1998. After further studies, it proved to be accurate with the real events. Another factual event illustrated in the novel was when it mentions the United States boycotting the Olympic Games in Moscow in 1980. After research, it is proven that the facts given in the novel match the events that actually occurred.

Symbolism in Barn Burning by william Faulkner Free Essay Example, 1000 words

His father also inculcated the importance of blood in his mind. He used to say to his son, â€Å" You’ve got to learn to stick to your own blood or you ain’t going to have any blood to stick to you†( Faulkner 1040-60). The food in store In the beginning of the story Sarty’s hunger has been portrayed with the help of many relevant images. When we learn that Sarty’s stomach reads the cans of meat, we understand that he’s hungry and that he can’t read the words, but only the symbols, the pricture of fish and logon for deviled meat. The cans are also sealed. Sarty is hungry and the food is present all around. But the food is not in his ready access. It is sealed off. Food may also represent those joys of life which are in the reach of the boy but are denied to him due to unscrupulous attitude of his father. The things in the Wagon and clock The things in the wagon reflect the sorry plight of the family. All the things in the wagon are broken. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism in Barn Burning by william Faulkner or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now It has â€Å" battered stove, the broken beds and chairs, the clock inlaid with mother of pearl, which would not run, stopped at some fourteen minutes past two o’ clock of a dead and forgotten day and time, which had been his mother’s dowry† ( Fualkner 1040-60). The state of things in the wagon symbolizes the state of Snopes family which is disorganized and facing worst time of its life. Clock is stopped and broken. This thing also reflects that for the family time also has halted to a point of inertia. The family is trapped in the cycle of time. The whole family works according to Abner’s clock and nobody can exercise his or her choice as the time is not theirs. (Shoomp Editorial team p 32). The black Coat Apart from these symbols other images do have some semantic significance. Abner Snope’s coat matches his personality. In the beginning of the Colonal Soartaris follows stiff black coat (his father). â€Å"His father turned, and he followed the stiff black coat, the wiry figure walking a little stiffly from where a Confederate provosts mans musket ball had taken him in the heel on a stolen horse thirty years ago† ( Faulkner 1040-60). Both the coat and his father share the characteristic of stiffness. The black colour of the coat also symbolizes the inner darkness of Abner’s soul. Faulkner apart from realistic fiction employed certain literary devices to heighten the semantic scope of the story â€Å" Barn Burning†. The writer has used all these symbols to materialize the mental states of the character and give tangible meanings to some abstractions depicted in the story in order to give the reader a clue what is actually happening in the story.